WCx-Supported RuNi Single Atoms for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution

Single-atom catalysts anchored to oxide or carbonaceous substances are typically tightly coordinated by oxygen or heteroatoms, which certainly impact their electronic structure and coordination environment, thereby affecting their catalytic activity. In this study, we prepared a stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst on tungsten carbide using a simple pyrolysis method. The unique structure of tungsten carbide allows the atomic RuNi catalytic site to weakly bond to the surface W and C atoms. XRD patterns and HRTEM images of the WCx-RuNi showed the characteristics of phase-pure WC and W₂C, and the absence of nanoparticles. Combined with XPS, the atomic dispersion of Ru/Ni in the catalyst was confirmed. The catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic ability, with a low overpotential of 330 mV at 50 mA/cm² in 1 m KOH solutions, and demonstrates high long-term stability. This high OER activity is ascribed to the synergistic action of metal Ru/Ni atoms with double monomers. The addition of Ni increases the state density of WCx-RuNi near the Fermi level, promoting the adsorption of oxygen-containing intermediates and enhancing electron exchange. The larger proximity of the d band center to the Fermi level suggests a strong interaction between the d electrons and the valence or conduction band, facilitating charge transfer. Our research offers a promising avenue for reasonable utilization of inexpensive and durable WCx carrier-supported metal single-atom catalysts for electrochemical catalysis.