The effect of trapped electrons on the three-dimensional ion-acoustic shock wave in magnetized ionic-pair plasma

The effect of trapped electrons featuring vortex-like distribution on the nonlinear behavior of a three-dimensional ion-acoustic shock wave is investigated in a magnetized ionicpair plasma. In the long-wave approximation, the dynamics of the shock wave is governed by the (3+1)-dimensional Schamel-Zakharov-Kuznetsov-Burgers equation due to the presence of trapped electrons and ion kinematic viscosity. By using the homogeneous balance principle and tanh function method, we obtain a novel exact shock wave solution of the equation. It is found for the first time that the trapped electrons can support a shock wave with only positive polarity.