Strategies to achieve high performance piezoelectric nanogenerators

Piezoelectric nanogenerators have attracted much attention in the past decade. In this study, the development of piezoelectric nanogenerators and their progress toward high power generation is discussed. The characteristics and application range of numerous types of piezoelectric nanogenerators are also considered. In addition, several strategies that may improve the performance of piezoelectric nanogenerators are summarized. Here, we compare the open circuit voltages and short circuit currents of various piezoelectric nanogenerators under different factors, and the current problems of piezoelectric nanogenerators are also discussed. Finally, the future prospects and directions of piezoelectric nanogenerators are predicted. Future studies should be focused on the production of high-performance materials, the establishment of working principle and simulation model, the integration of nanogenerator, and the design of the energy harvesting circuit. Hence, it is emergency to search for functional materials with high piezoelectricity and further improve the electromechanical properties of existing piezoelectric materials. Moreover, further research is needed to increase the stability and flexibility of composite materials, to develop wearable and embedded flexible functional devices based on the biocompatibility of inorganic nanoparticles, and to supply power for microelectronic systems.