Spray and dynamic heat transfer induced by 2-methylfuran transient spray impingement on piston surface

In the face of increasing air pollution and stricter emission requirements, it is very important to reduce particulate matter emissions in engine exhaust. The presence of the attached liquid film in gasoline direct injection engines produced by spray impingement is an important reason for the increase in engine particulate emissions. The dynamic heat transfer induced by the spray impingement is a key factor affecting the evaporation and existence time of liquid film. In this paper, a single-hole injector was used to carry out 2-methylfuran (MF) spray impingement experiments. The macroscopic morphological characteristics and the dynamic heat transfer of transient spray impingement under different conditions were systematically studied. Spray particle size distribution and spray impact force were also measured to assist in explaining the underlying mechanism responsible for the dynamic heat transfer. The results show that the surface heat flux increases with the rise of initial piston surface temperature. Increasing the injection pressure makes the droplets have a stronger impact force and smaller average diameter, which enhances the heat flux and also produces more bounce and splash of droplets on piston surface. Both the number of small-size droplets and impact force are reduced by the intense evaporation caused by increasing the injection temperature, resulting in the decrease of heat flux and surface temperature reduction. Increasing the distance decreases the droplet diameter and impacting force, as a result, the heat transfer intensity is weakened.