Spatial resolved transcriptomics: Computational insights into gene transcription across tissue and organ architecture in diverse applications

The advent of spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) has revolutionized our understanding of spatial gene expression patterns within tissue architecture, shifting the paradigm of molecular biology and genetics. This breakthrough technology bridges the gap between genomics and histology, allowing for a more integrated view of cellular function and interaction within their native context. Despite the development of numerous computational tools, each with its own underlying assumptions, identifying appropriate ones for specific SRT data analyses remains challenging. Additionally, a comprehensive review addressing the conceptual frameworks and practical applications of SRT is absent. This review specifically focuses on elucidating key concepts and model selection during SRT analysis, providing critical assessments of prevailing computational methodologies. We also explore the transformative implications of applying SRT technology to various fields. The primary objective of this review is to facilitate the effective application of SRT, fostering a deeper insight into tissue architecture and cellular dynamics.