Risk-Averse Storage Planning for Improving RES Hosting Capacity under Uncertain Siting Choices

This paper presents a trilevel risk-averse strategy to configure the grid-scale energy storage systems (ESS) in active distribution network. Unlike the traditional planning framework, which presumes that ESS and renewable energy sources (RES) are cooperatively planned, we consider a practical situation that the siting choice of individual RES owners could be conflict with systems operation target of hosting capacity improvement. To address this challenge, a trilevel ESS planning formulation with 'min-max' risk constraint is developed. Also, a scenario-based stochastic program model is incorporated in the lower level problem to handle the random fluctuation of RES outputs. As the resulting risk-constrained trilevel formulation is computationally difficult, we develop a customized column-and-constraint generation algorithm with finite convergence. Numerical studies on 33-bus test system and a real-world 56-bus distribution network indicate that the proposed methodology can effectively enhance the robustness of look-ahead ESS configuration against those non-cooperative and uncertain integration choices for renewable energy construction. Moreover, our customized algorithm demonstrates a superior solution capacity and scalability to support the efficient decisions for risk-averse storage planning.