Research progress on the prevention and treatment of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is the only potentially curative treatment for periampullary carcinoma. Pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) is the most common method of pancreatic stump reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains as high as 30%-50%. Reducing and effectively preventing the occurrence of POPF remains a key research focus among scholars. This study comprehensively reviews the established risk factors for POPF, summarizes current evidence-based strategies for its prevention, and critically appraises emerging technologies in PJ. It also proposes that magnetic pancreaticojejunal anastomosis represents a promising innovation with the potential to reduce the incidence of POPF.