Recent progress on two-dimensional materials confining single atoms for CO₂ photoreduction

Photoreduction of CO₂ into value-added products offers a promising approach to overcome both climate change and energy crisis. However, low conversion efficiency, poor product selectivity, and unclear mechanism limit the further advancement of CO₂ photoreduction. The development of two-dimensional (2D) materials and construction of single atom sites are two frontier research fields in catalysis. Combining the advantages of 2D materials and single atom sites is expected to make a breakthrough in CO₂ photoreduction. In this review, we summarized the design and application, proposed challenges and opportunities, and laid a foundation for further research and application of 2D materials confining single atoms (SACs@2D) for CO₂ photoreduction.