Recent progress in conical shock wave/boundary layer interaction with spanwise pressure gradient

A common denominator between conical-symmetry and conical shock interaction is the spanwise pressure gradient, which perform more non-uniformity and its interaction flow is more complicated than the spanwise-homogeneous planar shock wave. Recent advances in conical-symmetry and conical shock interactions with turbulent boundary layer are reviewed in specific areas: (i) quasi-conical swept interactions due to compression ramps and sharp fins, (ii) impinging conical shock wave with interactions of plate wall, (iii) laminar double cone interactions with consideration of real-gas effects. Substantial success has been achieved in describing the phenomena of the time averaged and instantaneous flow features and the low-frequency unsteadiness, including correlations and coherent structures in the separation bubble, through complementary experimental and numerical studies of swept shock interactions. All available observations are here scrutinized to infer underlying mechanisms of interactions in conical flow, and provide theoretical foundation and hints for fluidic control techniques. Comparison with high-fidelity direct numerical simulations is used to quantified the uncertainty of RANS turbulence models in complex interactions. Regarding heat transfer, extensive studies of hypersonic flow over double cone geometries have shown that those can be predicted with reasonable accuracy, even in the presence of high-temperature effects.