Recent developments of nanoparticles additives to the consumables liquids in internal combustion engines: Part I: Nano-fuels

The main objective of this review study is investigation of the nanofluids application in internal combustion engines. For this aim, three main sections about using consumable nanofluids in engines (i.e. fuel, lubricant and coolant) are considered to collect both numerical and experimental studies. In this part of review, nano-fuels are introduced which their base fuel can be diesel, bio-diesel, gasoline, alcoholic or blended fuels. By a complete review, effects of these nano-fuels on the engine performance, BSFC, exhaust emissions are discussed and finally the most efficient nano-fuels are introduced form the exhaust emission reduction, BSFC reduction or engines efficiency improvements viewpoints.