Recent advances in design and engineering of MXene-based heterostructures for sustainable energy conversion

MXenes, a family of two-dimensional (2D) materials, have received increasing attention for electrochemical energy conversion because of their superior metallic conductivity, substantial surface area, and hydrophilicity. Combining it with other materials to construct heterostructures has proved to be an efficient way to further enhance the activity of MXenes. By combining different components, it can not only produce electron redistribution and a synergistic effect at the interface but also generate a new interface structure by altering the structure's composition and crystal phase, thereby achieving highly effective catalytic performance. Based on this, we systematically summarize the recently reported MXene-based heterostructures in the application of electrochemical energy conversion. Moreover, the advantages of various heterostructures are elaborated. This review will provide a more concise concept for the application of MXenes-based heterostructures.