Quantitative determination of free volume in Pd₄₀Ni₄₀P₂₀ bulk metallic glass

For a long time, the determination of free volume has been a challenging problem in research on metallic glasses. An approach to determine quantitatively the free volume of metallic glasses from enthalpy measurements and calibration with the equilibrium free volume was developed and validated for as-cast and annealed Pd₄₀Ni₄₀P₂₀ bulk metallic glasses. The free volume change with annealing time is in good agreement with that calculated theoretically from the free volume annihilation kinetics and that deduced from the density measurement results.