Quantifying electric vehicle battery degradation from driving vs. V2G services

Concerns about electric vehicle (EV) battery degradation hinders the implementation of Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G) technology. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to quantify EV battery degradation from driving only vs. driving and V2G services, based on a semi-empirical lithium-ion battery degradation model. A detailed EV battery pack thermal model and EV powertrain model are utilized to capture the battery temperature and working parameters including current, internal resistance and state-of-charge (SOC). We use the proposed method to simulate the battery degradation of three EVs for ten years. Simulation results show that grid discharge at power rates typical for vehicle charging and discharging will have only minor effects on battery degradation in comparison to the degradation incurred from driving and calendar aging.