Preparation and Endothelialization of Multi-level Vessel-like Network in Enzymated Gelatin Scaffolds

Loss of function of large tissues is an urgent clinical problem. Although the artificial microfluidic network fabricated in large tissue- engineered constructs has great promise, it is still difficult to develop an efficient vessel-like design to meet the requirements of the biomimetic vascular network for tissue engineering applications. In this study, we used a facile approach to fabricate a branched and multi-level vessel-like network in a large muscle scaffolds by combining stereolithography (SL) technology and enzymatic crosslinking mechanism. The morphology of microchannel cross-sections was characterized using micro-computed tomography. The square cross-sections were gradually changed to a seamless circular microfluidic network, which is similar to the natural blood vessel. In the different micro-channels, the velocity greatly affected the attachment and spread of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC)-Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). Our study demonstrated that the branched and multi-level microchannel network simulates biomimetic microenvironments to promote endothelialization. The gelatin scaffolds in the circular vessel-like networks will likely support myoblast and surrounding tissue for clinical use.