Performance analysis of a 1-kW PEMFC-CHP system under different rule-based energy management strategies in China

A combined heat and power system of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC-CHP) is an efficient energy utilization system. In this present study, the thermal and electrical output characteristics of the 1-kW PEMFC-CHP system in China under four energy management strategies (EMSs) are investigated for different energy demand curves (seasons and family sizes). Moreover, the performance parameters of the system are analyzed. The results indicate that in constant output mode (Mode 1), the excess power generated by the PEMFC needs to be connected to the grid. In electrical following mode (Mode 2), state machine control mode (Mode 3), and fuzzy logic control mode (Mode 4), the CHP system can meet the various electrical demands. In summer, the radiator is switched to remove excess heat. In mid-season and winter, the electric heater is added to heat the water to 313.15K. Compared to Modes 2 and 4, the output power of PEMFC in Mode 3 exhibits lower fluctuation. Finally, the CHP system under different operating modes is compared in terms of energy, economy, and environment. In Mode 3, the PEMFC experiences fewer power fluctuations, and the CHP system has lower cost, making it the most suitable strategy for the CHP system.