Osteogenic potential of three different autogenous bone particles harvested during implant surgery

Objectives: The aim was to compare the osteoblast activity and osteogenic potential of autogenous bone particles harvested using three different techniques and determine the most advantageous method of collecting autogenous bone particles. Subjects and Methods: Bone particles were harvested from 20 patients during dental implant surgery using bone scraping, low-speed drilling and bone trap filtering. After the osteoblasts were cultured, cell proliferation, migration, mineralization, transcription of osteogenesis-related genes, secretion of osteogenesis-related proteins and osteoinductive protein content in the bone particle matrix were evaluated. Results: Osteoblast activity and osteogenic potential were higher in bone samples harvested by scraper or low-speed drilling than in samples harvested by bone trap filter. Although these parameters were slightly lower in the low-speed drilling group than in the scraper group, significant differences were found only in bone Gla protein levels. However, the levels of osteoinductive proteins in the bone particle matrix were significantly higher in the low-speed drilling group than in the scraper group. Conclusions: Low-speed drilling is a recommendable and effective technique for collecting autogenous bone particles. In implant operations, low-speed drilling can be considered the first-line option, and if the quantity of harvested bone is insufficient, bone shavings obtained by the scraper may be considered.