Oral administration of turmeric-derived exosome-like nanovesicles with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving bioactions for murine colitis therapy

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by diffuse inflammation of the colonic mucosa and a relapsing and remitting course. The current therapeutics are only modestly effective and carry risks for unacceptable adverse events, and thus more effective approaches to treat UC is clinically needed. Results: For this purpose, turmeric-derived nanoparticles with a specific population (TDNPs 2) were characterized, and their targeting ability and therapeutic effects against colitis were investigated systematically. The hydrodynamic size of TDNPs 2 was around 178 nm, and the zeta potential was negative (− 21.7 mV). Mass spectrometry identified TDNPs 2 containing high levels of lipids and proteins. Notably, curcumin, the bioactive constituent of turmeric, was evidenced in TDNPs 2. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute inflammation, TDNPs 2 showed excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In mice colitis models, we demonstrated that orally administrated of TDNPs 2 could ameliorate mice colitis and accelerate colitis resolution via regulating the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and antioxidant gene, HO-1. Results obtained from transgenic mice with NF-κB-RE-Luc indicated that TDNPs 2-mediated inactivation of the NF-κB pathway might partially contribute to the protective effect of these particles against colitis. Conclusion: Our results suggest that TDNPs 2 from edible turmeric represent a novel, natural colon-targeting therapeutics that may prevent colitis and promote wound repair in colitis while outperforming artificial nanoparticles in terms of low toxicity and ease of large-scale production.