Optimal planning of hybrid hydrogen and battery energy storage for resilience enhancement using bi-layer decomposition algorithm

High penetration of renewable energy and frequent extreme events lead to higher requirements for flexibility and resilience of power systems. Hybrid hydrogen and battery energy storage (HHBES) complement the performance of the energy storage technologies in terms of power, capacity and duration, and improve the regulation capability of energy storage to the power systems. However, the flexible time and space interaction of HHBES brings higher complexity to the scheduling and planning of power systems. In this study, an operation model of renewable-dominated power systems with HHBES is firstly constructed. The on-site mode and off-site mode of HHBES are also considered separately. Secondly, an optimal scheduling model incorporating electricity and hydrogen market is established. In addition, a bi-layer optimal configuration model is constructed based on the optimal scheduling model. Finally, taking the modified RTS-96 as an example, the feasibility and effectiveness of HHBES are verified by setting a set of control cases. The results show the significant effectiveness of HHBES on reducing the operating cost of the system, improving the utilization of renewable energy, and enhancing the resilience against extreme events. Compared with the use of battery energy storage and hydrogen energy storage, the resilience of power system using HHBES is improved by 23.8 % and 0.7 % respectively.