Optimal Operation of Microgrid with Energy Storage Considering the Energy-Loss Rate

Nonanticipativity and multi-stage robustness are two important requirements that directly determine the feasibility of the multi-stage scheduling problem of microgrid (MG) with energy storage (ES) and renewables. To this end, this paper proposes a novel method for MG with ES considering the use-independent energy-loss rate, which can guarantee nonanticipativity and multi-stage robustness simultaneously. Firstly, the mathematical economic dispatch model considering the use-independent energy-loss rate is established. Secondly, the feasible regions for the variables are given based on the analysis of the constraints' structure, which is the necessary and sufficient condition for the feasible solutions. Thirdly, with the feasible regions, a single-level multi-stage robust method is proposed to directly determine the real-time decisions, where only maximum and minimum scenarios are needed to determine the feasibility and finite representative scenarios are considered to improve the economy. Numerical tests implemented on a real MG system verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.