Optical source apportionment and radiative effect of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols in a tropical marine monsoon climate zone: The importance of ship emissions

Source-specific optical properties of light-absorbing carbonaceous (LAC) aerosols in the atmosphere are poorly understood because they are generated by various sources. In this study, a receptor model combining multi-wavelength absorption and chemical species was used to explore the source-specific optical properties of LAC aerosols in a tropical marine monsoon climate zone. The results showed that biomass burning and ship emissions were the dominant contributors to average aerosol light absorption. The source-specific absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) indicated that black carbon (BC) was the dominant LAC aerosol in ship and motor vehicle emissions. Moreover, brown carbon (BrC) was present in biomass-burning emissions. The source-specific mass absorption cross section (MAC) showed that BC from ship emissions had a stronger light-absorbing capacity compared to emissions from biomass burning and motor vehicles. The BrC MAC derived from biomass burning was also smaller than the BC MAC and was highly dependent on wavelength. Furthermore, radiative effect assessment indicated a comparable atmospheric forcing and heating capacity of LAC aerosols between biomass burning and ship emissions. This study provides insights into the optical properties of LAC aerosols from various sources. It also sheds more light on the radiative effects of LAC aerosols generated by ship emissions.