Operator-Customer Optimization of Integrated Energy Systems Considering Hybrid Carbon Trading: A Stackelberg Game Approach

As the energy supply model in integrated energy system (IES) changes from the traditional vertically integrated structure to a interactive competitive structure, more emerging energy companies and small-scale energy integration are involved in energy production. The main objective of this paper is to propose a Stackelberg game framework for the optimized operation strategy of the integrated energy operator (IEO) and users considering the carbon emission index. The operator as the leader is responsible for the regional energy supply and the operation and management of each energy coupling equipment, while the users as the followers flexibly configure their own integrated energy demand. The existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium solution of the game model are proved and solved, and the simulation results prove that the proposed method can effectively improve the comprehensive energy efficiency.