Operation Start Times and Postoperative Morbidity from Liver Resection: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

Background: Surgeons are likely to get progressively fatigued and work less effectively during the course of a normal workday. We sought to examine the effects of surgery start times (morning vs. afternoon) and workload of the surgeons on morbidity of patients after partial liver resection (LR). Methods: A total of 155 pairs of the patients from 383 patients undergoing LR were generated by propensity score analysis (PSM) according to the start times of surgery: group M (morning surgery, 8 a.m.–1 p.m.) and group A (afternoon surgery, 1 p.m.–6 p.m.). Patients in group A were further divided depending on whether or not the surgeons had performed other surgeries earlier in the day and the exact duration of the other surgeries before the afternoon surgery (≤180 and >180 min). The incidence and severity of postoperative complications were compared between different groups. Results: By using PSM analysis, the patients in group M and group A were well matched in basic characteristics. The incidence and severity of the postoperative complications were similar between the two groups (all p > 0.05). Whether the surgeons had performed other surgeries prior to the afternoon surgery seemed not affecting the postoperative outcome (all p > 0.05). Moreover, the duration of other surgeries the surgeons had performed did not have significant influence on the outcome of patients undergoing afternoon surgery (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: Surgery start times and workload of surgeons during working time did not measurably affect short-term outcomes of the patients. The negative findings might be a manifestation of professional judgment and self-regulation of the experienced physicians.