Numerical analysis and design of photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) system with novel water-cooling channel structure integrated with perforated V-shape fins

This study presents an innovative photovoltaic thermal system to boost electrical and thermal efficiencies in high solar radiation regions. Traditional systems often face efficiency losses due to overheating, reducing power output and lifespan. The key novelty lies in integrating perforated V-shaped fins into the PVT system. These fins significantly improve cooling and heat dissipation, reducing solar cell temperatures by using the finite volume method. This system was compared with three alternatives: perforated straight fins, a channel-box design, and a standard photovoltaic system without cooling. Results showed a 31.27 % reduction in solar cell temperature with the V-shaped fins, surpassing the 19.93 % reduction by straight fins and 17.57 % by the channel box. Electrical efficiency improved by 18.79 %, with an optimal coolant flow rate of 30–40 kg/h, yielding a 14.4 % gain in electrical exergy efficiency. The system demonstrated performance under various ambient temperatures, with V-shaped fins increasing 20–30 % over perforated straight fins and 30–40 % over channel boxes in energy and exergy outputs. Also, wind speed affected energy and exergy outputs, with V-shaped fins outperforming other designs by 30–35 % and 15–30 %, respectively. This research focuses on the development of an innovative design that effectively addresses the issue of overheating in photovoltaic systems. This design presents a practical and efficient approach to improving thermal management and energy efficiency in regions with high solar radiation exposure.