Nanostructures and nanomaterials for sodium batteries

As a kind of post-Li-ion batteries (LIBs), the advantage of “high-quality and low-cost” reflected by Na-ion batteries (NIBs) in large-scale energy storage has attracted more and more attention and recognition. However, larger ionic radius and slower kinetic behavior of Na make it impossible to compete with more mature LIBs in terms of energy density and power density. As far as the electrode materials themselves are concerned, there is still a great potential to be tapped. For this reason, the nanoscale structural design also plays an important role in improving the overall performance of NIBs. In this chapter, we systematically summarize and discuss the research progress of nanostructured strategies for cathode and anode materials of NIBs, and prospect for their future development as well as highlight the impact of nanostructure on the electrochemical performance of the batteries.