Multi-strategy collaborative optimization of a rotational thermal storage system with radial gradient metal foams

Integrating thermal energy storage with solar energy for domestic heating presents a promising strategy to mitigate the energy crisis and reduce carbon emissions. To further enhance thermal storage performance, this study proposes the application of rotational technology to radial gradient metal foam, thereby achieving efficient heat storage through the synergistic effects of enhanced conduction and convection. A comprehensive optimization framework was employed, coupling single-factor analysis, Taguchi design, response surface method, and swarm intelligence algorithms to identify the optimal heat storage tank configuration. Initially, single-factor analysis established that equal volume division yielded the superior performance. Subsequently, Taguchi analysis was conducted on four potential factors to select three with the most significant signal-to-noise ratios. The interactive effects of three factors were then explored via response surface method. Finally, the swarm intelligence optimization algorithm determined the optimal structure of a four-layer gradient design featuring positive porosity and pore density gradients. Compared to a rotating heat storage tank filled with uniform metal foam, the optimized structure reduced the heat storage time by 18.35% and increased the heat storage rate by 23.01%.