Multi-objective optimization of hollow fiber membrane-based water cooler for enhanced cooling performance and energy efficiency

Water-mediated evaporative cooling systems often suffer from cross-contamination, droplet carryover, and high maintenance costs. This study proposes a novel liquid cooling solution, the hollow fiber membrane-based water cooler (HFMWC), to address these issues. The primary innovation of this study lies in the optimization of key design parameters of the countercurrent HFMWC, aligning them with stringent engineering requirements. Two standard working conditions for wet cooling towers are considered. Numerical modeling and response surface methodology are used to develop regression models correlating six key parameters (water velocity, air/water ratio, fiber length, fiber inner diameter, membrane thickness, and packing fraction) with two performance evaluation indexes (outlet water temperature and consumptive electric power ratio). A genetic algorithm-based multi-objective optimization is employed to obtain Pareto fronts, representing optimal trade-offs between the two indexes. Using the ideal point method, relative optimal solutions are identified, resulting in water temperature drops of 7.56 °C and 13.07 °C, with consumptive electric power ratios of 0.0128 kW h/m³ and 0.0138 kW h/m³ for conditions Ⅰ and Ⅱ, respectively. Most solutions achieve the highest energy efficiency rating while satisfying the design temperature difference. The average deviations between optimized and simulated data for the two indexes are 0.88 % and 3.88 %, demonstrating the reliability of the derived optimal solutions for engineering design. These findings not only offer a promising way to overcome the limitations of traditional evaporative cooling systems, but also contribute to the broader field of sustainable and efficient thermal management technologies.