Inhomogeneous magnetoelectric coupling in Pb (Zr,Ti) O3 /Terfenol-D laminate composite

Inhomogeneous magnetoelectric coupling in a simple Pb (Zr,Ti) O3 /Terfenol-D laminate composite is investigated. Four magnetic-field-induced voltage (MIV) and three electric-field-induced magnetization (EIM) resonance frequencies are caused by magnetomechanical and electromechanical resonances. The different positions in the sample have different contributions to the MIV and EIM, which are mainly related to the resonant behaviors and the corresponding strain distribution. The MIV distribution shows mirror symmetry, while the EIM distribution shows mirror antisymmetry. The EIM with different directions forms close electric-field-induced magnetic loops around Terfonel-D to meet the lowest magnetic energy. These results are helpful for the future design of magnetoelectric devices.