Infrared Electrochemiluminescence from A Water-Soluble Anion-π⁺ Emitter for Sensitive Perfluorooctanoic Acid Sensing

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) analysis stands out among various analytical methods due to its exceptional sensitivity and accuracy. However, the poor solubility of most ECL probes limits their effectiveness in aqueous environments. To address this challenge, we developed a water-soluble anion-π⁺ ECL luminophore, DPBC-OTS. With its remarkable water solubility and electron transfer characteristics, the study detailed revealed that DPBC-OTS exhibited excellent ECL performance in the infrared region. Additionally, leveraging ion electrostatic interactions, the DPBC-OTS-based ECL system achieved ultrasensitive detection of the organic fluorine pollutant PFOA, with a detection limit as low as 28.9 nM. This study not only enhances ECL performance in aqueous media through the introduction of the anion-π⁺ compound but also highlights the significant potential of ECL in the trace detection of organic fluorine pollutants.