Hydrothermal synthesis of MOFs

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a kind of coordination polymers, which are usually composed of a metal oxide center and organic linkers. MOFs have attracted more and more interest in the past few decades due to their unique physical structures and potential applications in many fields such as biomedicine, gas storage, and biosensing applications. As a result, a number of synthesis methods have been reported for the preparation of desirable MOFs. In this chapter, we will focus on the hydrothermal synthesis of MOFs. First, we will introduce the hydrothermal method. Then, the basic mechanism and general protocols of hydrothermal synthesis of MOFs will be introduced. By the following, we will outline the recent progress in the synthesis of MOFs via hydrothermal synthesis according to the different metals used, which are categorized into Fe-MOFs, Zr-MOFs, Cu-MOFs, Zn-MOFs, and other MOFs. Finally, the major challenges and future trends of hydrothermal synthesis of MOFs are also outlined.