Gold nanocluster composites: preparation strategies, optical and catalytic properties, and applications

Ultrasmall gold nanoclusters have been widely investigated owing to their unique physical and chemical properties, while their poor fluorescence intensity and other weakness limit their applications. To improve these properties and expand their application value, gold nanocluster composites which combine gold nanoclusters with other functional materials are proposed. Here, we systematically summarize the preparation strategies of gold nanocluster composites, analyze their properties, and discuss their applications in sensing, bioimaging, and catalysis. Finally, we briefly highlight the shortcomings and future development of gold nanocluster composites.