Giant tunable spin Hall angle in sputtered Bi₂Se₃ controlled by an electric field

Finding an effective way to greatly tune spin Hall angle in a low power manner is of fundamental importance for tunable and energy-efficient spintronic devices. Recently, topological insulator of Bi₂Se₃, having a large intrinsic spin Hall angle, show great capability to generate strong current-induced spin-orbit torques. Here we demonstrate that the spin Hall angle in Bi₂Se₃ can be effectively tuned asymmetrically and even enhanced about 600% reversibly by applying a bipolar electric field across the piezoelectric substrate. We reveal that the enhancement of spin Hall angle originates from both the charge doping and piezoelectric strain effet on the spin Berry curvature near Fermi level in Bi₂Se₃. Our findings provide a platform for achieving low power consumption and tunable spintronic devices.