Evolution of cooperation under a biased allocation mechanism

Cooperation is crucial for social progress but is often undermined by free-riding behavior. This study explores how biased allocation mechanisms affect the evolution of cooperation in public goods games. By incorporating group attributes into a game-theoretic model and designing unequal payoff allocation rules based on majority group status, we simulated evolutionary dynamics on random networks. Results indicate that moderate bias strength and lower majority thresholds significantly promote cooperation, particularly when the public goods enhancement factor is moderate. These findings advance collective action theory by demonstrating the role of structural incentives in fostering cooperation and suggest directions for future empirical research and exploration of diverse network structures.