Enhancing hydrogen storage performance of magnesium-based materials: A review on nanostructuring and catalytic modification

Magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials are gaining significant attention due to their high hydrogen storage capacity and abundant availability. However, they encounter challenges, including slow hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics and elevated operating temperatures. To address these issues, researchers have employed two main strategies: nanostructuring and the introduction of catalysts. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the modification of MgH₂, emphasizing the impact of nanostructuring on enhancing hydrogen storage performance. It also examines the role of various catalysts, including carbon-based materials, transition metals and alloys, their oxides and halides, and composites, in improving hydrogen absorption and desorption characteristics. Studies indicate that these modifications can substantially lower the hydrogen absorption and desorption temperatures while enhancing kinetic performance. Furthermore, the effectiveness of catalysts is influenced by their type, dispersion, and interaction with magnesium-based materials and the catalytic mechanism, thereby elucidating the underlying catalytic mechanisms. The review concludes by discussing the current challenges and future directions in this field, aiming to provide theoretical insights for the practical application of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials.