Electromechanical properties of Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O ₃-PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃ single crystals

The Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃-Pb(Mg _1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃ (PIN-PMN-PT) crystals were studied as function of phase and orientation. The properties, including the Curie temperature T_C, ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition temperature T_R/O-T, coercive field, and piezoelectric/ dielectric responses, were systematically investigated with respect to the composition of PIN-PMN-PT crystals. The Curie temperature T_C was found to increase from 160 to 220°C with ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition temperature T_R-T and T_O-T being in the range of 120-105 °C and 105-50 °C, respectively. The piezoelectric activity of PIN-PMN-PT crystals was analyzed by Rayleigh approach. The ultrahigh piezoelectric response for domain engineered (001) (1600-2200 _pC/N) and (011) (830-1550 _pC/N) crystals was believed to be mainly from the intrinsic contribution, whereas the enhanced level of piezoelectric and dielectric losses at the compositions around morphotropic phase boundaries (MPBs) was attributed to the phase boundaries motion.