Electric Energy Trading Mechanism of Distributed Electric Vehicles in Smart Grid

With the continuous development of the smart grid and the increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs), the power transaction in the smart grid has become increasingly important in our daily life. This paper studies the distributed trading mechanism of electric vehicle energy in a smart grid. First, a non-cooperative game model is established among EV users. Each user can buy and sell power to both the central grid and other EV users. EV owners may act as buyers or sellers in the transaction according to their power availability. Next, this paper calculates the optimal utility function for EV users and obtains the optimal decision. The expression of the Nash equilibrium solution and the optimal user utility function are given. Then the efficiency of Nash equilibrium is analyzed. Finally, demand response management is carried out under the model. This paper designs two groups of comparative experiments. The first experiment compared daily electricity consumption and electricity charges of users before and after demand response management. The second experiment showed how the sum of electricity bills changed with the number of users who don't change their habits.