Designing Hydrogen Recirculation Ejectors for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a promising device in the fields of power generation, energy storage, aerospace, and public transportation. The hydrogen recirculation ejector with the advantages of low cost, high durability, and no parasitic power is the key component of PEMFC systems. However, it is challenging to design a hydrogen recirculation ejector to cover the wide operating conditions of PEMFC systems. In order to design an ejector for fuel cell systems, a comprehensive understanding of ejector research is required. Consequently, the state-of-the-art research work on the hydrogen recirculation ejector is analyzed, including characteristics of the ejector in PEM fuel cell systems, geometry design and optimization, different types of ejectors and a comparison between them, and system integration and control. Through a comprehensive analysis of ejectors, further research suggestions on designing high-performance ejectors are presented.