Cyber-Constrained Optimal Power Flow Model for Smart Grid Resilience Enhancement

With the fast development of information and communication technologies and wide application of them into power systems, our grids have evolved into cyber-physical systems. Due to this transformation, it becomes urgently significant to analyze the interactions between the cyber network and the physical network and optimize the operation of the well-known smart grid, especially for emergency response. In this paper, we propose a cyber-constrained optimal power flow model for the emergency response of smart grids. The proposed model takes into account the impacts of not only cyber networks upon power grids but also power grids upon cyber networks. However, the above model is highly nonlinear and the curse of dimensionality will occur even when we model intermediate systems explicitly, thus we further propose an extended maximum flow method for solution. We conduct simulation studies on two standard IEEE test systems, and the results have proved the effectiveness of the proposed model and the efficiency of the solution methodology. This study highlights the importance of redesigning a resilient operational paradigm from the cyber-physical point of view.