TY - JOUR
T1 - Chemically-speciated on-road PM2.5 motor vehicle emission factors in Hong Kong
AU - Cheng, Y.
AU - Lee, S. C.
AU - Ho, K. F.
AU - Chow, J. C.
AU - Watson, J. G.
AU - Louie, P. K.K.
AU - Cao, J. J.
AU - Hai, X.
PY - 2010
Y1 - 2010
N2 - PM2.5 (particle with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) was measured in different microenvironments of Hong Kong (including one urban tunnel, one Hong Kong/Mainland boundary roadside site, two urban roadside sites, and one urban ambient site) in 2003. The concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble ions, and up to 40 elements (Na to U) were determined. The average PM2.5 mass concentrations were 229±90, 129±95, 69±12, 49±18 μg m-3 in the urban tunnel, cross boundary roadside, urban roadside, and urban ambient environments, respectively. Carbonaceous particles (sum of organic material [OM] and EC) were the dominant constituents, on average, accounting for ~82% of PM2.5 emissions in the tunnel, ~70% at the three roadside sites, and ~48% at the ambient site, respectively. The OC/EC ratios were 0.6±0.2 and 0.8±0.1 at the tunnel and roadside sites, respectively, suggesting carbonaceous aerosols were mainly from vehicle exhausts. Higher OC/EC ratio (1.9±0.7) occurred at the ambient site, indicating contributions from secondary organic aerosols. The PM2.5 emission factor for on-road diesel-fueled vehicles in the urban area of Hong Kong was 257±31 mg veh-1 km-1, with a composition of ~51% EC, ~26% OC, and ~9% SO4=. The other inorganic ions and elements made up ~11% of the total PM2.5 emissions. OC composed the largest fraction (~51%) in gasoline and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) emissions, followed by EC (~19%). Diesel engines showed higher emission rates than did gasoline and LPG engines for most pollutants, except for V, Br, Sb, and Ba.
AB - PM2.5 (particle with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) was measured in different microenvironments of Hong Kong (including one urban tunnel, one Hong Kong/Mainland boundary roadside site, two urban roadside sites, and one urban ambient site) in 2003. The concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble ions, and up to 40 elements (Na to U) were determined. The average PM2.5 mass concentrations were 229±90, 129±95, 69±12, 49±18 μg m-3 in the urban tunnel, cross boundary roadside, urban roadside, and urban ambient environments, respectively. Carbonaceous particles (sum of organic material [OM] and EC) were the dominant constituents, on average, accounting for ~82% of PM2.5 emissions in the tunnel, ~70% at the three roadside sites, and ~48% at the ambient site, respectively. The OC/EC ratios were 0.6±0.2 and 0.8±0.1 at the tunnel and roadside sites, respectively, suggesting carbonaceous aerosols were mainly from vehicle exhausts. Higher OC/EC ratio (1.9±0.7) occurred at the ambient site, indicating contributions from secondary organic aerosols. The PM2.5 emission factor for on-road diesel-fueled vehicles in the urban area of Hong Kong was 257±31 mg veh-1 km-1, with a composition of ~51% EC, ~26% OC, and ~9% SO4=. The other inorganic ions and elements made up ~11% of the total PM2.5 emissions. OC composed the largest fraction (~51%) in gasoline and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) emissions, followed by EC (~19%). Diesel engines showed higher emission rates than did gasoline and LPG engines for most pollutants, except for V, Br, Sb, and Ba.
KW - Diesel-fueled vehicle
KW - Emission factor
KW - Tunnel
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/77952974856
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.061
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.061
M3 - 文章
C2 - 20036415
AN - SCOPUS:77952974856
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 408
SP - 1621
EP - 1627
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
IS - 7
ER -