Characteristics of indoor and personal exposure to particulate organic compounds emitted from domestic solid fuel combustion in rural areas of northwest China

Kailai He; Hongmei Xu; Rong Feng; Zhenxing Shen; Yaqi Li; Yue Zhang; Jian Sun; Qian Zhang; Tian Zhang; Liu Yang; Pingping Liu; Kin Fai Ho; Junji Cao

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105181

Characteristics of indoor and personal exposure to particulate organic compounds emitted from domestic solid fuel combustion in rural areas of northwest China

Kailai He
, Hongmei Xu
, Rong Feng
, Zhenxing Shen
, Yaqi Li
, Yue Zhang
, Jian Sun
, Qian Zhang
, Tian Zhang
, Liu Yang
, Pingping Liu
, Kin Fai Ho
, Junji Cao

能源与动力工程学院

Xi'an Jiaotong University
CAS - Institute of Earth Environment
Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
Chinese University of Hong Kong

科研成果: 期刊稿件 › 文章 › 同行评审

43 引用（Scopus）

摘要

Household solid fuel combustion for heating in winter is a substantial source of air pollution in rural areas of northwest China. The present study investigated the concentration characteristics and health risks of particulate matter (PM) and its organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), and phthalate esters (PAEs). Indoor air and housewives' personal exposure (PE) samples were collected in Guanzhong Basin, among rural households relying on various solid fuels for heating in winter. Indoor PM primarily comprised fine PM (PM_2.5, 76%), and its organic compounds were identified in particular abundance in households that used coal as the only domestic fuel (Group C, 96% in PM_2.5). The mean concentration of PE to PM_2.5 was 307 ± 120 μg·m⁻³, which was 2.4-times higher than the indoor concentration (130 ± 103 μg·m⁻³) because of the housewives' short-term exposure to high-concentration pollution emitted by solid fuel combustion. Organic compounds exhibited the same pattern, with PE samples having a 44% higher concentration than indoor samples. The correlation of PM_2.5-bound organics between indoor and PE samples in Group C (R² = 0.9) was higher than that in the group using coal and biomass (Group M, R² = 0.6), indicating the stronger correlation of single-fuel heating method. The PE/indoor ratio of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs in Group C (2.5) was higher than that of the other organic compounds (1.3) because HMW PAHs emitted through coal combustion had a larger effect on PE. This further led to higher incremental lifetime cancer risks (ICLRs) via inhalation pathway among housewives in Group C (2.4- and 1.2-times higher risk for PAHs and PAEs, respectively) than among those in Group M. However, inhalational ILCR values of Group M were still 2.1–340-times higher than the international safety standard (10⁻⁶). Therefore, the upgradation of domestic fuels and heating ways is urgently needed in rural area of northwest China to reduce indoor air pollution and health risks.

源语言	英语
文章编号	105181
期刊	Atmospheric Research
卷	248
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105181
出版状态	已出版 - 15 1月 2021

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10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105181

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He, K., Xu, H., Feng, R., Shen, Z., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Sun, J., Zhang, Q., Zhang, T., Yang, L., Liu, P., Ho, K. F., & Cao, J. (2021). Characteristics of indoor and personal exposure to particulate organic compounds emitted from domestic solid fuel combustion in rural areas of northwest China. Atmospheric Research, 248, 文章 105181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105181

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title = "Characteristics of indoor and personal exposure to particulate organic compounds emitted from domestic solid fuel combustion in rural areas of northwest China",

abstract = "Household solid fuel combustion for heating in winter is a substantial source of air pollution in rural areas of northwest China. The present study investigated the concentration characteristics and health risks of particulate matter (PM) and its organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), and phthalate esters (PAEs). Indoor air and housewives' personal exposure (PE) samples were collected in Guanzhong Basin, among rural households relying on various solid fuels for heating in winter. Indoor PM primarily comprised fine PM (PM2.5, 76\%), and its organic compounds were identified in particular abundance in households that used coal as the only domestic fuel (Group C, 96\% in PM2.5). The mean concentration of PE to PM2.5 was 307 ± 120 μg·m−3, which was 2.4-times higher than the indoor concentration (130 ± 103 μg·m−3) because of the housewives' short-term exposure to high-concentration pollution emitted by solid fuel combustion. Organic compounds exhibited the same pattern, with PE samples having a 44\% higher concentration than indoor samples. The correlation of PM2.5-bound organics between indoor and PE samples in Group C (R2 = 0.9) was higher than that in the group using coal and biomass (Group M, R2 = 0.6), indicating the stronger correlation of single-fuel heating method. The PE/indoor ratio of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs in Group C (2.5) was higher than that of the other organic compounds (1.3) because HMW PAHs emitted through coal combustion had a larger effect on PE. This further led to higher incremental lifetime cancer risks (ICLRs) via inhalation pathway among housewives in Group C (2.4- and 1.2-times higher risk for PAHs and PAEs, respectively) than among those in Group M. However, inhalational ILCR values of Group M were still 2.1–340-times higher than the international safety standard (10−6). Therefore, the upgradation of domestic fuels and heating ways is urgently needed in rural area of northwest China to reduce indoor air pollution and health risks.",

keywords = "Domestic solid fuel, Health risk, Indoor air pollution, Organic compounds, Personal exposure, Size distribution",

author = "Kailai He and Hongmei Xu and Rong Feng and Zhenxing Shen and Yaqi Li and Yue Zhang and Jian Sun and Qian Zhang and Tian Zhang and Liu Yang and Pingping Liu and Ho, \{Kin Fai\} and Junji Cao",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2021",

month = jan,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105181",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Characteristics of indoor and personal exposure to particulate organic compounds emitted from domestic solid fuel combustion in rural areas of northwest China

AU - He, Kailai

AU - Xu, Hongmei

AU - Feng, Rong

AU - Shen, Zhenxing

AU - Li, Yaqi

AU - Zhang, Yue

AU - Sun, Jian

AU - Zhang, Qian

AU - Zhang, Tian

AU - Yang, Liu

AU - Liu, Pingping

AU - Ho, Kin Fai

AU - Cao, Junji

PY - 2021/1/15

Y1 - 2021/1/15

N2 - Household solid fuel combustion for heating in winter is a substantial source of air pollution in rural areas of northwest China. The present study investigated the concentration characteristics and health risks of particulate matter (PM) and its organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), and phthalate esters (PAEs). Indoor air and housewives' personal exposure (PE) samples were collected in Guanzhong Basin, among rural households relying on various solid fuels for heating in winter. Indoor PM primarily comprised fine PM (PM2.5, 76%), and its organic compounds were identified in particular abundance in households that used coal as the only domestic fuel (Group C, 96% in PM2.5). The mean concentration of PE to PM2.5 was 307 ± 120 μg·m−3, which was 2.4-times higher than the indoor concentration (130 ± 103 μg·m−3) because of the housewives' short-term exposure to high-concentration pollution emitted by solid fuel combustion. Organic compounds exhibited the same pattern, with PE samples having a 44% higher concentration than indoor samples. The correlation of PM2.5-bound organics between indoor and PE samples in Group C (R2 = 0.9) was higher than that in the group using coal and biomass (Group M, R2 = 0.6), indicating the stronger correlation of single-fuel heating method. The PE/indoor ratio of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs in Group C (2.5) was higher than that of the other organic compounds (1.3) because HMW PAHs emitted through coal combustion had a larger effect on PE. This further led to higher incremental lifetime cancer risks (ICLRs) via inhalation pathway among housewives in Group C (2.4- and 1.2-times higher risk for PAHs and PAEs, respectively) than among those in Group M. However, inhalational ILCR values of Group M were still 2.1–340-times higher than the international safety standard (10−6). Therefore, the upgradation of domestic fuels and heating ways is urgently needed in rural area of northwest China to reduce indoor air pollution and health risks.

AB - Household solid fuel combustion for heating in winter is a substantial source of air pollution in rural areas of northwest China. The present study investigated the concentration characteristics and health risks of particulate matter (PM) and its organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), and phthalate esters (PAEs). Indoor air and housewives' personal exposure (PE) samples were collected in Guanzhong Basin, among rural households relying on various solid fuels for heating in winter. Indoor PM primarily comprised fine PM (PM2.5, 76%), and its organic compounds were identified in particular abundance in households that used coal as the only domestic fuel (Group C, 96% in PM2.5). The mean concentration of PE to PM2.5 was 307 ± 120 μg·m−3, which was 2.4-times higher than the indoor concentration (130 ± 103 μg·m−3) because of the housewives' short-term exposure to high-concentration pollution emitted by solid fuel combustion. Organic compounds exhibited the same pattern, with PE samples having a 44% higher concentration than indoor samples. The correlation of PM2.5-bound organics between indoor and PE samples in Group C (R2 = 0.9) was higher than that in the group using coal and biomass (Group M, R2 = 0.6), indicating the stronger correlation of single-fuel heating method. The PE/indoor ratio of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs in Group C (2.5) was higher than that of the other organic compounds (1.3) because HMW PAHs emitted through coal combustion had a larger effect on PE. This further led to higher incremental lifetime cancer risks (ICLRs) via inhalation pathway among housewives in Group C (2.4- and 1.2-times higher risk for PAHs and PAEs, respectively) than among those in Group M. However, inhalational ILCR values of Group M were still 2.1–340-times higher than the international safety standard (10−6). Therefore, the upgradation of domestic fuels and heating ways is urgently needed in rural area of northwest China to reduce indoor air pollution and health risks.

KW - Domestic solid fuel

KW - Health risk

KW - Indoor air pollution

KW - Organic compounds

KW - Personal exposure

KW - Size distribution

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85089245580

U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105181

DO - 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105181

M3 - 文章

AN - SCOPUS:85089245580

SN - 0169-8095

VL - 248

JO - Atmospheric Research

JF - Atmospheric Research

M1 - 105181

ER -

Characteristics of indoor and personal exposure to particulate organic compounds emitted from domestic solid fuel combustion in rural areas of northwest China

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