Atmospheric dielectric-barrier discharges scalable from 1 mm to 1 m

Three types of atmospheric dielectric-barrier discharges are presented to illustrate their potential for uniform surface treatment with a length scale spanning from 1 mm to 1 m. As these atmospheric discharges are scaled up in size, it is increasingly difficult to sustain their plasma stability. By using nanosecond images, it is shown that the use of high excitation frequencies is beneficial in achieving excellent uniformity and robust plasma stability, which are both desirable for uniform and reproducible surface treatment.