Application of inorganic nonmetal biomaterials in the treatment of osteosarcoma and the regeneration of tumor-related bone defects

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma is a common clinical disease. In recent years, the application of inorganic nonmetal biomaterials in the treatment of osteosarcoma has become a new way to overcome the bottleneck of traditional treatment. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the application of inorganic nonmetal biomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma, and to summarize its current research status and future application prospects. METHODS: A computer-based online search of Web of Science, PubMed, and CNKI was performed to retrieve articles regarding inorganic nonmetal biomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma and mainly retrieve experimental articles on the preparation, application and animal cell experiments of inorganic non-metallic biomaterials for osteosarcoma. Finally, 69 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Inorganic nonmetal biomaterials have excellent characteristics of good biocompatibility, stable physical and chemical properties, biodegradability and promoting osteogenesis. (2) The inherent shortcomings of inorganic nonmetallic materials, such as weak anti-fracture performance, high preparation process requirements, low loading dose of drugs and bioactive molecules, limit the application in the cases of bone defects in load-bearing areas and controlling drugs releasing. (3) At present, inorganic nonmetal biomaterials such as nano drug loading platform, biological implantation scaffold and material surface coating are wildly used in the treatment of osteosarcoma, which realizing new diagnosis and treatment strategies in chemokinetic therapy, nano targeted diagnosis and treatment, catalytic therapy, immunotherapy and tumor hyperthermia through functional modification. However, these researches mostly stay in the basic experimental stage for lacking of the clinical trial data support. (4) Improving the preparation process of inorganic nonmetallic materials, exploring new functional modification strategies and further extensive clinical evaluation are the key to turn the basic research into clinical practice and promote the sustainable development of inorganic nonmetallic materials.