Antitumor effects of hyperthermia with plasma-treated solutions on 3D bladder tumor spheroids

As a form of cold atmospheric plasma application, plasma-treated solutions have shown promise in tumor therapy. Especially for the treatment of intracavitary tumors, plasma-treated solutions combined with traditional perfusion therapy have strong application potential. Here, we assessed the antitumor effects of the plasma-treated medium combined with hyperthermia on three-dimensional bladder tumor spheroids in vitro. We found that the combined treatment of plasma-treated medium and hyperthermia (43°C) presented better antitumor effects than a single treatment. Further research showed that synchronous hyperthermia can promote the penetration of plasma-generated reactive oxygen species from the plasma-treated medium into cancer cells. Our results suggest that hyperthermic perfusion therapy using plasma-treated solutions may serve as a novel and valuable therapeutic strategy for bladder cancer.