Antimicrobial PLGA-based micro/nanoparticles for nanomedicine of pulmonary diseases: From respiratory infections to pulmonary hypertension and fibrosis

Pulmonary diseases are one of the most important causes of mortality worldwide, and the number of these patients is increasing annually. Therefore, the recent development of nanomedicine approaches holds promise for a bright future in this field, considering the limitations of previous treatments. One of the most important nanoparticles in this field is PLGA, which offers special properties such as tunable disintegration, controlled drug release, biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties and non-inflammatory inhalation, which make it superior to other polymers for biomedical and pulmonary application including positive impact on a variety of pulmonary diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis and hypertension, respiratory infections and lung injury. As a result, has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of these diseases by improving treatment outcomes and increasing the quality of life of patients. However, further research is needed to optimize their formulation parameters, address technical challenges, and translate these strategies into clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective role of this unique nanoparticle in potential pulmonary delivery, different types of pulmonary diseases (lung injury, pulmonary fibrosis and hypertension) and also the positive effect of PLGA on different bacterial and viral involved in respiratory infection (phage therapy, and antibiotic therapy), and the challenges raised in the direction of more awareness in this area.