Anti-plane waves in a layered cylindrical piezo-composite structure considering interface model

The interface model mainly includes interface effects and a spring model. The bond of surface acoustic wave sensors at the joint between a guide wave layer and a thicker substrate always undergoes the gigantic stress that may result in slipping at the interface. Furthermore, the interface stress and the interfacial imperfection are increasingly vital for analyzing the nanosensors. Thus, it is of significant importance for us to further explore the dynamic and electromechanical behaviors of SH waves in a layered cylindrical piezocomposite nanostructure with the interface model. Thus, this paper aims to gain fresh insight into how interface piezoelectricity and the interfacial imperfection simultaneously affect the physical attributes of the anti-plane wave in a composite structure consisting of a piezoelectric nanoshell and an elastic nanocylinder. To intuitively seek out the unique properties of anti-plane waves in a nanoscale cylindrical piezo-composite structure, the bulk waves’ velocity in the piezoelectric nanoshell is roughly determined by the governing equations. Moreover, the phase velocity equations of SH waves in a piezoelectric nanoshell covered on a thicker elastic cylinder are derived employing interface piezoelectricity and a spring model. The consequences show that the waves’ velocity increases with the enhancement of the piezoelectric shell thickness h to the elastic cylinder radius r_i. Besides, the waves’ velocity becomes slower or quicker resulting from an increasing interface density or interface modulus. The imperfect parameter slows down the waves. Additionally, the influences of interface piezoelectricity on the waves’ velocity, energy conversion efficiency, and mass loading sensitivity are further discussed individually. The results showcase that the optimal wavenumber, (kh)₁, corresponds to the maximum value of ∆c/c_SH unaffected by the interface modulus. The electric conditions play a decisive role in determining (kh)₁. As for the lower frequency, the electromechanical coupling efficiency benefits profoundly from the interface modulus. Excitingly, the optimal wavenumber (kh)₂ corresponds to the greatest electromechanical coupling efficiency, which tends to (kh)₁ when the interface modulus increases. Essentially, the mass loading sensitivity could be enhanced with the help of the interface modulus, as the sensory response to mass loading corresponds to the electrically shorted cases and is superior to that corresponding to the electrically opened cases. These results offer an exemplary platform for examining the performance of cylindrical SAW nanosensors with the consideration of interface piezoelectricity.