All-solid ionic eye

We describe the materials, design, experimental measurements, and simulations of a bio-inspired all-solid tunable optical device: ionic eye. A dielectric elastomer functions as an electroactive material. An ionogel functions as an ionic conductor. Both materials are stretchable and transparent. The ionic eye achieves a ∼50% relative change of the focal length, beyond that of the human eye. Our analysis also points out that the ionic eye can respond rapidly (3.6 ms) and be miniaturized in size. This all-solid deformable lens eliminates the risk of leakage of currently used encapsulated fluid lenses and can be integrated into other devices for diverse applications.