Advances in nanogenerators for electrical power system state sensing and monitoring

State perception of electrical power transmission and distribution equipment is an essential support for power grid stability, digitalization and intelligence. Innovative sensing or monitoring methods are desired to enrich the perception layer of the power Internet of Things (Power IoTs). Nanogenerators, especially triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), demonstrate outstanding performance in ambient micro-nano energy harvesting and self-powered online monitoring because of their environmental friendliness, flexible design, and high fusion properties. Herein, we systematically summarized the latest progress in nanogenerators possessing potential applications in the electrical power grid regarding energy harvesting and self-powered state monitoring, highlighting the irreplaceable advantages of TENGs, PENGs utilized in transmission lines, transformers and gas-insulated equipment. Accordingly, we proposed challenges and perspectives to steer the development of nanogenerators for next-generation intelligent power system.