Adanced tissue engineering strategies for ascularized parenchymal constructs

The fabrication of ascularized parenchymal organs to alleiate donor shortage in organ transplantation is the holy grail of tissue engineering. Howeer, conentional tissue-engineering strategies hae encountered huge challenges in recapitulating complex structural organization of natie organs (e.g., orderly arrangement of multiple cell types and ascular network), which plays an important role in engineering functional ascularized parenchymal constructs in itro. Recent deelopments of arious adanced tissue-engineering strategies hae exhibited great promise in replicating organ-specific architectures into artificial constructs. Here, we reiew the recent adances in top-down and bottom-up strategies for the fabrication of ascularized parenchymal constructs. We highlight the fabrication of microfluidic scaffolds potential for nutrient transport or ascularization as well as the controlled multicellular arrangement. The adantages as well as the limitations associated with these strategies will be discussed. It is enisioned that the combination of microfluidic concept in top-down strategies and multicellular arrangement concept in bottom-up strategies could potentially generate new insights for the fabrication of ascularized parenchymal organs.