Ad hoc solid electrolyte on acidized carbon nanotube paper improves cycle life of lithium-sulfur batteries

The performance of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is greatly improved by using acidized carbon nanotube paper (ACNTP) to induce in situ polymerization of ether-based DOL/DME liquid to grow an ion-selective solid barrier, to seal in soluble polysulfides on the cathode side. The Li-S battery with the in situ barrier showed an initial specific capacity of 683 mA h g^-1 at a high current density of 1675 mA g^-1, and maintained a discharge capacity of 454 mA h g^-1 after 400 cycles. The capacity decay rate was 0.1% per cycle and a high Coulombic efficiency of 99% was achieved. Experimental characterizations and theoretical models demonstrate the in situ polymerized solid barrier stops sulfur transport while still allowing bidirectional Li⁺ transport, alleviating the shuttle effect and increasing the cycling performance. The soft and sticky nature of the solid electrolyte barrier makes it a good sealant, forming an enclosed catholyte chamber on the sulfur side.