A Three-Stage Resilience Enhancement Strategy for Distribution Networks with Frequency Constraints and Source-Bus Modeling

In recent years, the increasing frequency of extreme events has caused widespread and prolonged blackouts in distribution networks. Enhancing the resilience of distribution networks under these conditions has become critical. This paper proposes a three-stage resilience enhancement method: preevent power flow and topology scheduling, fault isolation during the event, and post-event load restoration. By constructing a source-bus model to identify the buses connected to each grid-forming distributed generation (DG), the method integrates transient frequency constraints to ensure frequency stability across all stages. Numerical results on IEEE 37-bus system validate that this method significantly improves restoration efficiency and reduces operational costs.