A Three-Heat-Source Electro-Thermal Coupled Model for Fast Estimation of the Temperature Distribution of a Lithium-Ion Battery Cell

Temperature inconsistency is inevitable during the battery operation, which has a significant impact on its performance. To quickly predict the temperature distribution in a battery cell, a three-heat-source electro-thermal coupled model is proposed in this article. The temperature of four feature regions in a battery cell can be determined in short time, which is potential to be implemented online. In addition, the distributed equivalent circuit model is proposed to calculate the heat generated by different heat sources. To identify the parameters of the electrical and thermal submodels, the experimental test bench is established, and the parameterizations under different conditions are carried out. In addition, the transient parameters, including the internal resistance and entropy coefficient, are adjusted with different state of charges (SOCs) and temperature. Finally, the validity and robustness of the proposed model are demonstrated through various tests of different operating conditions. The results illustrate that the uneven surface temperature distribution of the battery cell can be estimated fast, in less than 1 s. The error deviation of the proposed model is less than 1.4 °C under different conditions.